Physiotherapy condition

Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow)肱骨内上髁炎（高尔夫球肘）

Medial epicondylitis, also known as golfer’s elbow, is caused by repetitive strain on the forearm muscles, particularly those used for gripping and wrist flexion. Although commonly associated with golf, it can also affect mechanics, cleaners, manual workers and athletes who perform repetitive hand movements in sports such as tennis, badminton or bowling.

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What Are the Stages of Golfer’s Elbow?

Early Stage (Inflammatory Phase)

Pain appears after activity but improves with short periods of rest
Discomfort tends to return with repeated use
Can often be managed effectively with early intervention

Later Stage (Degenerative Phase)

Pain persists during and after activity
Daily tasks such as turning a doorknob or brushing teeth may become painful
Without treatment, symptoms may worsen and impact quality of life

What Causes Golfer’s Elbow Pain?

The condition arises from overuse of the wrist flexor-pronator group, a set of muscles that attach to a common tendon on the inner elbow. Repetitive stress or improper technique can overload this area, leading to inflammation or degeneration of the tendon. Without adequate rest or treatment, the tendon’s capacity to withstand everyday loads diminishes, resulting in persistent pain.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Golfer’s Elbow

Pain or discomfort during gripping, twisting, or lifting activities
Tenderness over the inner aspect of the elbow
Weakness in the forearm or hand
Stiffness or a dull ache extending into the forearm

How Is Golfer’s Elbow Different from Tennis Elbow?

Golfer’s elbow affects the inner side of the elbow (the wrist flexor–pronator group), while tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) affects the outer side. Both are overuse conditions where forearm tendons connect at the elbow, but they involve different muscle groups and respond to different strengthening protocols.

How Can Physiotherapy Help Golfer’s Elbow?

Physiotherapy can relieve symptoms and address the cause of golfer’s elbow. Based on the condition’s stage and severity, a physiotherapist can design an individualised treatment plan that may include:

Activity modification to reduce strain on the elbow
Manual therapy to improve mobility and reduce muscle tension
Therapeutic modalities such as ultrasound or electrotherapy for pain relief
Targeted strengthening exercises, with an emphasis on eccentric training of the forearm muscles, which is considered the gold standard for tendon rehabilitation

In addition, your physiotherapist may provide guidance on ergonomic adjustments and techniques to prevent recurrence. Consistent follow-through with the prescribed programme is essential for a full and sustainable recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions on Golfer's Elbow

Do I need a doctor’s referral to see a physiotherapist for Golfer’s Elbow?

In most cases, no referral is needed to consult a physiotherapist. Early physiotherapy intervention can prevent the condition from worsening and reduce the likelihood of requiring further medical intervention.

How long does it take to recover from Golfer’s Elbow with physiotherapy?

Recovery time varies depending on the severity and duration of the condition. With consistent physiotherapy, most patients experience significant improvements within 6–8 weeks. Chronic cases may require a longer rehabilitation period.

Can I still exercise or play sports while undergoing treatment for Golfer’s Elbow?

It depends on the severity. Your physiotherapist will likely modify or restrict certain activities that aggravate your elbow, while recommending safe exercises to maintain fitness and promote healing.

Will Golfer’s Elbow come back after treatment?

It can, especially if the underlying causes like poor technique or muscle imbalances aren't addressed. Physiotherapy not only treats the pain but focuses on long-term prevention through strengthening, education, and activity modification.

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